The water quality of most rivers near the settlements is below the optimal level, taking in account natural ecosystems condition and numerous needs of various users. Considering the environmental, economic and social importance of this factor, measures are required to improve natural reservoirs water quality management conducted by local civil autonomy and various levels of government. The goal of this work is to offer methodical recommendations on the system design of collecting, analyzing and forming the river’s water and ecosystems conditions database for the information support of complex management decision-making directed to accomplishment and preservation of the water bodies specified functional characteristics. Presently none of the existing methods of water environment assessment can take into account all possible biological communities’ responses to the various stress factors and their combinations impacts. For every type of impact the corresponding to it approaches in sampling and analysis methods are used; values of such methods are often difficult to collate and, especially, provide statistical evaluation of the water streams processes. The presented methods are based on the multimetric index application, which include  parameters, reflecting biological communities biodiversity and stability in mountain type rivers, tolerance degree of the constituted them water organisms to external impacts and water environment toxicity for its inhabitants.    Modern quality management, including quality of the processes, has a wide range of proven tools. The offered quality management process improvement method of the natural watersheds experiencing an anthropogenic pressure, is aiming to reach stability and guaranteed quality of the natural waters, based on the DMAIC quality management methodology and statistic quantitative methods united under the Six-Sigma approach. This article is the first in publications series devoted to the description of the methodology of the rivers ecological state monitoring and management using integrated biomarkers and quality management methods. Formed during the study organizational and methodical approaches can be applied to digital transformation of effective administrative decisions making process in sphere of water objects protection and development of the river’s catchment territory ecological planning within the project of the RF Construction Ministry “The Smart City”.

One of the main factors determining the transformation of natural technogenic complexes is the storage of large masses of industrial waste on the day surface, and their further transformation leads to a change in geochemical processes in landscapes associated with dumps. Objective. On the basis of the experimental studies performed, to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of peat-diatomite ameliorant in the development of measures for the ecological rehabilitation of disturbed ecosystems. Research methods. The content of copper ions was determined by the atomic absorption method using a Spectr AA-240 FS (Varian Optical Spectr. Instrum, Australia). Mineralization of samples to determine the gross copper content was carried out in concentrated HNO3 using a MARS 5 laboratory microwave system (CEM, USA). The mobile forms of copper were determined in extracts of 0.5 M HNO3 in a ratio of 1:25 (soil: solution). Mine waters of the former Degtyarsky mine with a copper content of 4.61 mg / L were used as a model solution. Technogenic soil for microfield experiments was selected during the summer field research. Peat-diatomite ameliorant own development of “Ekoinnovator”. Research results. According to the results of the analysis of the obtained experimental data, the tendency of the sorption process from 4.61 mg/l to 1.754 mg/l is clearly visible when using "diatomite" as a sorbent, and the introduction of a peatdiatomite meliorant in the composition of which sapropel is also Therefore, using reclamation techniques by introducing mineral and organic fertilizers, it is possible to regulate the mobility of copper ions, and the revealed nature of changes in the amount of mobile copper compounds should be taken into account in the development of environmental protection measures for the ecological rehabilitation of disturbed natural ecosystems.

The use of lightweight Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with the aerial photogrammetry approach to construct the Digital Surface Model (DSM) has been effectively applied for various types of topography. However, the ability to carry out this approach for huge active open coal mines is insufficiently investigated, furthermore, the influences of topographical factors on the accuracy of DSM are ambiguous. This experiment attempts to apply the UAV method for the two active coal mines with the total area of 7.99 km2, exploited at a range from -300 m to 300 m altitude to figure out the effect of topographic factors on the accuracy of DEM constructed from UAV images. A total of 972 UAV images and 17 ground control points have been coupled to construct DSM of the mines. Besides, 16 checking points located at different elevations are used to evaluate the accuracy of DEM and to define the influence. DEMs are generated with the maximum RMSE of 0.086 m, 0.099 m, and 0.170 m corresponding to X, Y, and Z dimensional errors. The results show the unclear correlation between the vertical accuracy of DEM and the relative elevation (R2=0.064), the general slope of the mines, and the number of ground control points using in the coal mines as well.

In Russian practice, at the author of the mines of the revolution, equipment was used, which was well made at the pest of domestic factories. In view of the core bankruptcy of the domestic factories, the coat of arms of the miners were forced to carry the burden and had the choice to buy foreign equipment.. In 90-ies tax on trail equipment, which was not produced in Russian boards, was not collected at all. The miners bought the equipment abroad, without any additional problems for the equipment import did not arise. Powered roof support and shearers are not produced in Russia and the plants had to buy them abroad both the avalanche and the separate equipment. The term fund "complex" pest has a conditional blue character, the conclusion reflecting taking only the stage of the kinematic announcement of the connection, the input of the electrohydraulic and if the electronic system suddenly controls interchangeable author sets of equipment address. temperament It is advisable to revise the concept of more classification of the kiln cleaning mechanized complexes and the lighthouse to adjust the core of the customs due to legislation to address some of the tinder customs duties on the author of the mining equipment.

Our interest is to explore such a characteristics of the young villagers who live in the slope of Mountain Arjuna, East Java Province of Indonesia prior to their existing management competency and existing entrepreneurial intention.

The purpose of this work to study, analyze and evaluate the patterns of spatial variability of long-term fluctuations in winter extreme low temperatures of the surface layer of atmospheric air in mountainous territories of Armenia (for example, the lake Sevan basin). To achieve this goal, the results of actual observations by Armhydromet and the available literary sources have been collected, processed and analyzed. As a result of the analysis of the values of extreme low temperatures, it can be noted that the genesis of winter extreme low temperatures is different in the territories under consideration. Winter extreme low temperatures stand out for their uneven distribution – they range from -26.3 to -38.1. For the calculation of winter extreme low air temperatures of unexplored or poorly studied territories, correlations were obtained between the value of extreme low temperatures and the altitude of the area above sea level. In the study area, a tendency towards an increase in winter extreme low temperatures is mainly observed. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the fact that in modern observational materials, for the first time, the regularities of the variability of the spatio-temporal distribution of winter extreme low temperatures of the surface air layer in the lake Sevan basin are estimated. Findings • The study of the patterns of variability of the spatial-temporal  distribution of winter extreme low temperatures of the surface air layer under conditions of  regional and global climate change is an urgent task of modern geographical science; • Winter extreme low air temperatures are mainly due to the nature of the underlying surface and the features of the relief. The smallest values are observed not in high-altitude zones, but in those places where cold air accumulates (that is, in depressions). In winter, in the hollow valleys, an inversion is mainly observed- in parallel with the height, the air temperature rises. In valleys, as a result of the accumulation of cold air, low temperature conditions can be observed for quite a long time; • The study area is distinguished by a characteristic regime and an uneven spatial distribution of winter extreme low temperatures. They range from -26.3 (Semenovka) to -38.1(Masrik). • Winter extreme low temperatures rise up to 2000-2100m with altitude, and on the contrary, they decrease at altitudes above 2000-2100m. The vertical temperature gradient is -0.5C/100m and 0.8C/100m, respectively; • On the basis of the obtained correlation between winter extreme low temperatures and terrain heights, two regions were identified: 1) heights up to 2000-2100m and 2) 20002100m and higher; • Temporal trends during perennial winter extreme low temperatures are mixed. In the study area, these is a predominance of positive trends. Negative trends are characteristic for the period 1935-1966 at the Sevan, Masrik and Martuni meteorological stations; • In the study area, winter conditions become thermally milder, which should be taken into account when developing strategic programs for the future development of this area.

The article is devoted to the study of endemics of xerophilous flora of various regions of the Russian Caucasus, adjacent and remote territories (Western Mediterranean, Caucasus, Greater Caucasus, Transcaucasia. Asia Minor and Western Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, Pontic region, Palaearctic). The purpose of the study is to identify their species composition, genetic links between them, which are necessary for solving the problems of florogenesis. The article analyzes the results of many years of floristic research in different territories of the Caucasus, publications on the flora of these, adjacent and alienated territories. The study used methods of historical reconstruction, morphological-ecological-geographical analysis, including the method of evolutionary series, as well as the method of phlorogenetic analysis and synthesis. Information on the genetic and geographical relationships of the taxa under discussion was obtained by analyzing the position of the species in the genus system (in the case of monotypic genera, the position in the family system), which made it possible to identify the closest relatives, determine their geographic localization, and suggest the time and directions of migration flows of ancestral species. As a result of the analysis of the distribution of 52 species of endemics of the xerophilic flora of the studied regions of the Russian Caucasus, as well as the flora of adjacent and remote areas, possible genetic links between them were revealed. The closest relationships of endemic euxerophytes were noted within the territory of the Greater Caucasus (26.3%), they are significant with endemic species of the Western Mediterranean, Anterior and Asia Minor (9.6% each) and weaker - with species of the Eastern Mediterranean (5.1%), The Pontic region and the Palaearctic (1.3% each). Based on the analysis of the relationship of paleo- and neoendemics, it was concluded that the process of formation of the endemic nucleus of the flora of euxerophytes took place at least in three stages: due to heterochronous waves of migration from distant western and eastern centers of formation of xerophilic flora of the Ancient Mediterranean, through the formation of secondary centers in Asia Minor and Western Asia, and then in the Western Mediterranean; the most recent most intensive speciation, which took place in the territories of Inland Dagestan, the Central Caucasus and Northwestern Transcaucasia, on a Caucasian genetic basis in Tertiary speciation centers, led to the loss of many types of distant family ties. The results obtained expand our understanding of migration processes and the history of the formation of the flora of the Caucasus.

Aim. Investigation of the electrical exploration effectiveness and atmogeochemical technologies for detecting discontinuous and folded tectonic disturbances during seismic microzoning of the tunnel crossing over the "Markotkhsky ridge" Task. Study of the tectonic disturbance degree and flooding of the flysch strata using spatial electrical filtration, electropotential tomographic sensing, and atmogeochemical measurements along the tunnel route using data from route surveys and drilling at the tunnel design site. Research methods. 1) Field electrical survey measurements of spatial electrical filtration and electropotential tomographic sensing and with installations of multidirectional electric field excitation for" highlighting " target objects. 2) Using a multi-variant system for presenting field data in the form of tomograms and in the form of electro-profiling and sounding to identify destructive zones related to tectonically disturbed rocks and flood zones. Research results. The analysis of domestic and foreign publications on the use of electrical exploration methods in seismic microdistricting of design, construction and operation of critical facilities is performed. On the example of a tunnel crossing over the Markotkhski ridge: 1) geological, geo-ecological, and seismological characteristics of the area of engineering and geophysical research are considered; 2) the field studies of spatial technologies electric filtrazione, electropotentials tomographic probing and atmogeochemical of observations are produced; 3) the heterogeneity of fliteway thickness laterally and quasioperational this thickness on the electrical properties at depth is shown; 4) as a result poperechnogo analysis curves electropotentials tomographic probing, as well as charts of the spatial electric filtrational and atmogeochemical measurements of an tectonically disturbed and watery areas are identified; 5) the degree of differentiation of the flysch thickness by the values of the specific electrical resistance was estimated using a pseudo-section constructed in the Res2Dinv program. Conclusions. The technologies of electropotential tomographic sounding and spatial electric filtration are unique in terms of mobility and simplicity of field measurements, subsequent geological and geophysical interpretation of anomalous values of the electric field based on its redistribution in tectonically and technogenically disturbed geological structures. The result is the identification of places of development of tectonic discontinuities and watered zones, information about which makes it possible to predict, along with the seismicity of the rock mass inside the tunnel, possible places of potential collapse and flooding during the design, construction and subsequent operation of tunnel crossings. A significant achievement of the experiments can be attributed to the identification of the possibility of electroprobing the flysch strata with steeply-and obliquely-lying layers by dipole electric exploration installations. The proof is that the growth of the right branches of the probing curves does not exceed 45°. Consequently, the steeply-and obliquely-lying flysch strata can be considered heterogeneous laterally and quasihomogeneous in depth in terms of electrical properties.

The construction of dams and reservoirs in mountainous and foothill areas poses a number of urgent tasks for designers and researchers related to the wave movement of water in a reservoir with a complex geometric configuration. The collapse of significant masses of rock into the reservoir basin as a result of a landslide phenomenon provokes high surface waves, leading to catastrophic natural disasters in the form of victims and destruction. Designers, construction organizations and maintenance services are required to assess the expected wave increase in water level through the dam crest, as well as the zone and degree of flooding of the area in the reservoir bays and along the river gorge, depending on the geometric, kinematic and dynamic characteristics of potentially possible landslide massifs, mudslides and avalanche flows. In this way, you can predict and then prevent or mitigate the consequences and damage that can cause the formation of destructive waves. In addition to the above problem, this article develops a mathematical model of the wave movement of water in a reservoir, when the movement is caused by the intrusion of a landslide rock mass or a high-speed mudflow into its bowl. The model is the initial boundary value problem of hydrodynamics and hydraulics of gravitational waves. In contrast to previous works, the developed mathematical model takes into account the planned non-prismatic configuration of the reservoir and changes in the water depth in the longitudinal direction of the reservoir. Taking these factors into account significantly clarifies the numerical values of the amplitude of the wave formed, as well as the values of the flow rate, speed and volume of water poured over the dam crest. In the General initial-boundary value problem, the coefficients of the main differential equation are variables that depend on the spatial coordinate. In the General formulation, this creates great difficulties in the analytical solution of the problem and has not been solved by anyone in the whole world to date. In this article was found and applied original and effective substitution, i.e. replacing a variable that in two special cases based on the coefficients from the spatial coordinates that led basic differential equation initial-boundary value problem to the equation with constant coefficients, and thus substantially easier way of solving the initial-boundary value problem. In the above-mentioned special cases, the initial-boundary value problem is solved by strict analytical methods of mathematical physics. For each case, a set of calculation formulas is obtained for calculating the amplitude of the waves formed, as well as for the flow rate and volume of water poured over the dam crest.

Introduction. Roads, as linear engineering structures in mountainous conditions for the sake of traffic safety, should provide a smooth interface and their harmonious combination with the surrounding landscape with the use of longitudinal slopes and radii on curves that reduce accidents and injuries. Anthropogenic intervention on the mountain natural landscape, for the purpose of road construction, is not always safe, because weak soils come into dynamics and the functioning of the road is complicated. For this , it is necessary to conduct a spatial analysis and an integrated approach to the issue, covering all aspects of landscape design of the road to eliminate negative consequences. The essence of the question. The design of highways in mountainous areas without observing the landscape principles of safe operation and with less dynamic shifts of the roadbed leads to a violation of the relief forms, with the implementation of large volumes of earthworks necessary to ensure the projected slope. Research methods. In the process of writing the article, the following methods were used: analysis - in the search and analysis of literature on the subject; observation and comparison in the study and selection of the optimal option. Conclusions: 1. When designing highways in mountain landscapes, it is necessary to find a harmonious combination of the functioning of the road and the landscape itself. 2. A scientifically based analysis and correct choice of landscape design elements in the operation of the road will reduce the dynamics of slope phenomena, the number of accidents, the cost of road maintenance, which contribute to improving safety on mountain roads.