The work includes the results of long-term investigations of certain ecosystems components in mountain regions of KCHR (hydrothermal indicators of climate, flowing of mountain rivers, glaciers, dynamics of vegetation, nature management and other aspects). Valuable materials of the North-Caucasus's Department of hydro-meteorological service and monitoring of the environment were used. The population inquires in KCHR was carried out with the consequent analysis of modern social and ecological situation in the given region; all the taken steps allowed to evaluate current changes in mountain nature- territorial areas and to determine the concepts of the steady development. In the last years the work was carried out with the moneyed assistance of RHSF (Russian Humanitarian Science Fund) №149-07/0723 and RFFI (Russian Fund of Fundamental Investigations) №08-0837/01. The represented materials may be of use for geo-ecologists, geographers, nature management individuals, managers and for nature-lovers.